The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale ... Stangier and Heidenreich, 2004) as part of a large-scale screening for social anxiety. Social anxiety is the independent variable in the current study. Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A): Psychometric properties in a Spanish-speaking population. Range of the point scale⦠Social anxiety explained 31.5% of the variance of ratings on the SAS. Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JBW, Löwe B. LSAS assesses a range of situations typically feared by individuals with social anxiety. Evaluation scale scores of anxiety questionnaire was found that heimberg et al. It was divided into 2 subscales investigating symptoms related to fear and avoidance (Rytwinski 2009). 10.1016/S0887-6185(02)00134-2. Social anxiety disorder is the most common anxiety disorder; it has an early age of onsetâby age ⦠Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common psychiatric disorder, with up to 1 in 8 people suffering from SAD at some point in their life [].SAD is linked to reduced quality of life, occupational underachievement and poor psychological well-being, and is highly comorbid with other disorders [].Mounting evidence suggests that social anxiety exists on a severity continuum [], and that social ⦠International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 5, 85-97. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS; Liebowitz, 1987) is a 24-item measure of social anxiety. Fear and avoidance of 24 social situations are rated on a 4-point scale (total range … This measure assesses the way that social phobia plays a role in your life across a variety of situations. Results showed a positive association between social anxiety and excessive smartphone use. Mennin DS, Fresco DM, Heimberg RG, Schneier FR, Davies SO, Liebowitz MR. For each situation individual rates their level of anxiety. Participants were 226 nontreatment-seeking adults with SAD or GAD who underwent semistructured diagnostic … The patientsâ scores in the 24 items 10.1016/S0887-6185(02)00134-2. 1736 Oxmoor Road. Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale self-reported version (LSAS-SR) Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale a 24-item self-report questionnaire was used to assess social anxiety scored on a Likert-type scale of four points. The short form assesses 4 aspects of life, including physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment (24). Shachar, I., Aderka, I., & Gilboa-Schechtman, E. (2014). Measures. Journal of anxiety disorders 2002,16(6):661â673. Blessing and colleagues note the high priority to develop novel alternative medications for the benefit of patients and to relieve the substantial burden on society. CA provides seven scores: (1) anxiety related to social inter- The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) (Liebowitz, action, (2) performance anxiety, (3) total anxiety, (4) avoidance 1987), a clinician-rating scale for the assessment of social of social interaction, (5) avoidance of performance situa- phobia in adults, has been widely used in studies of phar- tions, (6) total … Resisting a social anxiety scales is liebowitz social anxiety scale scores on the scoring instructions at this setting. Accumulated evidence indicates that cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychotomimetic and nonaddictive main component of the Cannabis sativa plant, reverses anxiety-like behavior. Journal of anxiety disorders 2002,16(6):661–673. Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) is a questionnaire whose objective is to assess the range of social interaction and performance situations that individuals with social phobia may fear and/or avoid. This questionnaire, an intercultural scale, has two forms. The items are divided into two subscales: performance anxiety (13 statements) and social ⦠clinical practice.8 Each response can range 0 ... 80% 17 or 18 years of age). Social anxiety test or Phobia test Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale Test (LSAS) Description: This test measure assesses the way that social phobia plays a role in your life across a variety of situations. In the current study Urdu version of LSAS was used (Shahid, 2012). Assessment of anxiety in social interaction and being observed by others: the social interaction anxiety scale and the Social Phobia Scale. The sample consisted of 140 participants, 73 male and 67 female university students with a mean age of 26 years and 4 months (SD = 3.38), who filled in the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale … The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) is a questionnaire developed by Dr. Michael R. Liebowitz, a psychiatrist and researcher. B R O W N, F. R. S C H N E I E R M. R. L I E B O W I T Z From the Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia and … PubMed Article Google Scholar 20. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents (LSAS-CA), based on the adult LSAS, was designed to assess a range of social situations and performance interactions that children and adolescents may fear (Masia-Warner et al., 2003). We investigated the association between social anxiety and excessive smartphone use. Description. 2002; 16: 661-673View in Article Scopus (268) PubMed Crossref Google Individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are at risk for not utilizing mental health treatment. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry 1987. ... Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale as a self report instru-ment: a preliminary psychometric analysis. ORIGINAL ARTICLE Psychometric properties of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale in a large cross-cultural Spanish and Portuguese speaking sample Vicente E. Caballo,1 Isabel C. Salazar,2 Vı´ctor Arias,3 Stefan G. Hofmann,4 Joshua Curtiss4; CISO- A Research Team The purpose of the present study was to assess the efficacy of CBD treatment for Japanese late teenagers with social anxiety ⦠Find all the evidence you need on "Social anxiety" via the Trip Database. Introduction: The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), used to assess the severity of social anxiety disorder (SAD), requires considerable effort and time to complete. Cognitive Behavioral Therapies typically include a vast range of techniques, such as exposure to social stimuli, tasks, and cognitive restructuring (Wersebe, Sijbrandij & Cuijpers, 2013). Birmingham, AL 35209 Telephone: 879 2120. Social anxiety explained 31.5% of the variance of ratings on the ⦠According to the box-plot in Figure 6 above, the students under age 31–40 shows that they are less social anxiety as the maximum value is still lower than the high social anxiety benchmark (24) and close to 75% of the participants are below the sample mean 20.828. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) is a short scale featuring 24 items designed to assess fear and avoidance of social interaction and performance situations by an individual in order to assist in the clinical diagnosis of SAD. All participants completed the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Psychological Medicine, 1999, 29, 199–212. consistency, test-retest reliability and validity scores for the scale. women diagnosed with generalized social anxiety disorder. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factor structure of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents ... significantly dif ferent in the age groups studied (range… Social Anxiety Disorder. and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents (LSAS-CA; Masia-Warner et al. It has ⦠Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, LSAS [9,10,11], Social Phobia Scale, SPS , Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, SIAS . The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) developed by Dr. Michael R. Liebowitz (1987) was used to assess the level of social anxiety among adolescents. that directly assess childhood social anxiety. Olivares, J., Sanchez-Garcia, R., Rosa, A.I., & Piqueras, J. Marisa F. Moeliono, M.Pd Universitas Padjadjaran Abstrak Kata Kunci : Remaja Akhir, Kecemasan Sosial, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). In the first study, 429 … The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) is one of the most popular measures of social anxiety in adults in ⦠2003)Ñanother clinician-rated scale for assessing pediatric social phobia, which was developed by other authors at the same time as the K-GSADS-A. This early age of onset may lead to people with social anxiety disorder being particularly vulnerable to depressive illnesses, drug abuse and other psychological conflicts. RESULTS: Mean (SD) age was 21 (4.5), 75% female, LSAS score was 40 (DP = 22), 14.2% had a psychiatric family history and 50.6% had negative life events during childhood. Mennin DS, Fresco DM, Heimberg RG, Schneier FR, Davies SO, Liebowitz MR: Screening for social anxiety disorder in the clinical setting: using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. 1 Receiver operating characteristic curve for determining social anxiety disorder diagnosis according to LSAS total score Participants reported the extent to which they feared or avoided a range of social interaction and performance situations. The social anxiety group had an earli-er age at onset (t=5.39, df=32, p<.001), which is consistent with the natural course of the disorder relative to that of panic disorder (29). The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) is a self-report assessment of social phobia that focuses on a range of social interaction and performance situations. 1. Previous data of the validation of the Liebowitz social anxiety scale for children and adolescents: LSAS-CA. Currently, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale is frequently used to assess the severity of patients with social phobia [1], generating a 24item score for the last - week. Social anxiety symptoms across diagnoses among outpatients attending a tertiary care mood and anxiety disorders service. At the time of their first consultation, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) was administered by the psychiatrist, and the Social Phobia Scale (SPS), Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), Fear Questionnaire (FQ) and Work, Home and Leisure Activities Scale ⦠Fear was rated on This social anxiety test was developed in 1987 by Dr. Michael R. Liebowitz, a psychiatrist and researcher at Columbia University. The Japanese version of the LSAS 21 has been shown to have excellent internal consistency reliability (α = 0.95) and convergent validity. These fears ⦠The purpose of this research was to examine barriers to treatment in a sample of adults with clinically significant SAD or GAD. Its purpose is to assess the range of social interaction and performance situations feared by a patient in order to assist in the diagnosis of social anxiety disorder. The LSAS Author information: (1)Clinical Neuroscience Division, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Department of Mental Health, RSH Hospital, Brintons Terrace, Southampton, SO14 0YG UK. The mean age was 13.5 years old (SD= 2.25), and the range was between 10 and 17 years old. In the community sample, participants filled out socio-demographic and health related questions and short versions of the PHQ (PHQ-2, GAD-2, panic ⦠Students between age 21–30 are those group of people with highest social anxiety disorder where close … It has 24 items, divided into subscales of performance anxiety and social situations. It is commonly used as self-report measure of social anxiety; it contains items depicting different social situations. Such situational anxiety, as well as avoidance behaviors, is characteristic for anxiety in PD. NY 10016)View in Article School-based behavioral treatment for social anxiety disorder in adolescents: results of a pilot study.J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) is a short questionnaire developed in 1987 by Michael Liebowitz, a psychiatrist and researcher at Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute. SIAS and SPS each consists of 20 items, the LSAS consists of 24 ⦠Shachar, I., Aderka, I., & Gilboa-Schechtman, E. (2014). Author: Liebowitz MR. Social Phobia. There was no restriction on concomitant pharmacotherapy. Fifty percent of those who develop this disorder have developed it by the age of 11, and 80% have developed it by age 20. The total score on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) measured pre treatment, post treatment and at one year follow up. The Leibowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) has 24 items which are divided into two subscales. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) is a short questionnaire developed in 1987 by Michael Liebowitz, ... Its purpose is to assess the range of social interaction and performance situations feared by a patient in order to assist in the diagnosis of social anxiety disorder. The long-form consists of 100 questions, while the short form has 26 questions (the present research used the short form). Sir, This is in reference to the article entitled, “Social anxiety disorder in Saudi adolescent boys: Prevalence, subtypes, and parenting styles as a risk factor.”[]Considering the lack of literature on the social anxiety disorders (SADs) in adolescents, the current study is commendable. Our understanding of social anxiety disorder (also known as social phobia) has moved from rudimentary awareness that it is not merely shyness to a much more sophisticated appreciation of its prevalence, its chronic and pernicious nature, and its neurobiological underpinnings. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) is a short questionnaire developed in 1987 by Michael Liebowitz, a psychiatrist and researcher at Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute. As there exists, to the best of our knowledge, no instrument which is suitable to reliably assess the level of social anxiety in both adults and adolescents, two questionnaires were used to determine social anxiety: depending on their age, participants completed the self-report version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) [Reference Heimberg, Horner, Juster, Safren, Brown and … From the medical records, patients basic information (age, gender, presence or absence of comorbidities, and medication history, etc. 1. A bidirectional link between social anxiety and the key symptoms of ASD, particularly difficulties in social functioning and reciprocal social interactions, has been suggested as a primary contributor to the high co-occurrence of social anxiety in people with ASD [].That is, the difficulties with social interaction and ⦠J Anxiety Disord. PubMed Article Google Scholar 20. The LSAS-SR scale ⦠These items cover the two aspects of social ⦠Article Google Scholar Leibowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) This particular scale is, as the name suggests, used for measuring social anxiety or social phobia. Printed in the United Kingdom # 1999 Cambridge University Press Psychometric properties of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale" R. G. H E I M B E RG,# K. J. H O R N E R, H. R. J U S T ER, S. A. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) assesses the fear and avoidance associated with social anxiety and has been validated in several languages. Behav Ther 1992; 23 : 53â73. INTRODUCTION. Page 1 of 2 - About 20 essays. Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). Among children and adolescents, the social anxiety is the most prevalent mental health problem that can be observed as a fear of one or more social or performance situations in an age appropriate setting with others within the same age group (for example, school play, recital, giving a speech or book report in ⦠30, 31 As such, our study confirms preliminary evidence from earlier open studies that also report a specific effect on fear of falling. DESCRIPTION OF SOCIAL ANXIETY BASED ON LIEBOWITZ SOCIAL ANXIETY SCALE (LSAS) ON LATE ADOLESCENTS Elfina Putri Nanda Hasibuan. Demographics The survey assessed age, current residence, sexual orientation, gender identity, ethnicity/race, relationship status, employment status, personal income, and education.. Social Anxiety The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale self-report version (LSAS; Fresco et al., 2001; original scale: Liebowitz, 1987) is a measure of fear and avoidance of social … Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 Item Scale (GAD-7) Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS) Short Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI-18) Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS) Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale ⦠In these studies, the effectiveness of paroxetine compared to placebo was evaluated on the basis of (1) the proportion of responders, as defined by a Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Improvement score of 1 (very much improved) or 2 (much improved), and (2) change from baseline in the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale ⦠Instruments To obtain information about the concurrent validity of LSAS-CA-SR we used other tests of social phobia: The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C; Beidel, Turner, & Morris, 1995), the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A; with a mean age of 26 years and 4 months (SD = 3.38), who ï¬lled in the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale and the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). Screening for social anxiety disorder in the clinical setting: using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. In adults, experimental studies have indicated that the processes are causally implicated in social anxiety, but this hypothesis has not yet been tested in a youth sample. Problematic smartphone use is the excessive use of the smartphone with negative impacts on the quality of life of the user. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS; Liebowitz, 1987) is used to assess the range of social interaction and performance situations that individuals with social phobia may fear and/or avoid. There are several valid questionnaires available assessing social anxiety (performance anxiety and/or anxiety in interactions); e.g. Two studies were carried out. Social anxiety disorder (SAD), formerly known as social phobia, is characterized by an excessive and disproportionate fear of social and/or performance situations in which the individual fears they might exhibit anxiety symptoms (e.g., sweating, ⦠9, 13 This is also supported by the significant between-group difference in improvement of social anxiety as measured with the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. The scale features 24 items, 13 relating to performance anxiety and 11 concerning social situations. After discarding ineligible students, the total was 666 adolescents. J Anxiety Disord. Of these 348 (52.3%) were male. Social anxiety disorder is known to appear at an early age in most cases. 2001; 40: 780-786Screening for social anxiety disorder in the clinical setting: using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale.J Anxiety Disord. with a mean age of 26 years and 4 months (SD = 3.38), who filled in the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale and the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). The LSAS contains 24 items for rating fear and 24 for avoidance, and each item is rated on a 4-point scale. 22 The 24 items of the two subscales are rated on a Likert scale from 0 ⦠It is also a popular measurement tool used by researches to evaluate the efficiency of various social anxiety disorder ⦠Helping you find trustworthy answers on "Social anxiety" | Latest evidence made easy Screening for social anxiety disorder in the clinical setting: using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS): The LSAS comprises of 24 social situations, each rated for level of fear (0=none to 3=severe) and avoidance (0=none to 3=usually) for the past week. It contains 13 social and 11 performance situations that are rated on 4-point scales from 0 (none and/or never) to 3 (severe and/or usually). The incidence of social anxiety in the sample of the population of school going children under the age group 14-17 years to be 10.3% by liebowitz social anxiety scale. Total scores of social anxiety consist of fear score (0: none, 1: mild, 2: moderate, 3: severe) and avoidance score (0: ⦠The present study describes the adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Amharic version of the LSAS in Ethiopian university student samples. Purpose: Psychology, Assessment, Coaching, ⦠14 Its reliability, validity, and treatment sensitivity were shown previously in social phobia patients. In the bivariate analysis, the authors had further compared the prevalence of SAD in 17-year-olds versus 18 years of age. 2. Each of the 24 items are evaluated on two Likert scales, one for Anxiety and one for Avoidance behaviours. PubMed Article Google Scholar 50. First translated and abilities in your browser and review of missing data revealed that this new measure provides the anxiety. The self-report version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents (LSAS-CA-SR; Masia-Warner et al., Reference Masia-Warner, Klein and Liebowitz 1999) assesses social anxiety. (2) Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) The LSAS contains 24 situational questions (13 per-formance and 11 social interaction items), to which sub-jects respond on a 4-point scale for both fear/anxiety and avoidance sections [13,17]. METHODS The sample consisted of 251 adolescents (aged 11Ð17 years) who participated in an Like the adult version (Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale; LSAS) [23], the LSAS-CA ⦠Read each situation carefully and answer two questions about that situation. S A F R EN, E. J. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), and the Short-Form-12 Health Survey (SF-12) were used in the clinical sample. Graystone HJ(1), Garner MJ, Baldwin DS. ... Anxiety was measured before and after treatment using the Fear of Negative Evaluation Questionnaire and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. 13 questions are related to performance anxiety and the other 11 concerns social anxiety ⦠This rates fear/anxiety and avoidance on 24 commonly feared situations. However, clients suffering from anxiety disorders experience these reactions too strongly, too often, or in inappropriate situations - and they can be distressing and exhausting. 15 It helps to quantify ⦠Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale The self-reported Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) is a 24-item scale divided into two subscales assessing fear/anxiety concerning performance and pertaining to social situations as well as avoidance behaviour. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale1 (LSAS) assesses the range of anxiety/fear and avoidance present in patients ... Juster HR, Safren ES, Brown AJ, Schneier FR, & Liebowitz MR. Psychometric properties of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. ), information on the duration of SLT, stuttering frequency of reading sentences, and inspection data of the Japanese version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS-J)20 were ⦠Methods This experiment explored this possibility by asking high and low socially anxious … Depression and anxiety, 26(1), 34-38. doi:10.1002/da.20503. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) is a 24-item, self-rated scale used to assess how social anxiety plays a role in your life across a variety of situations. 24 items which show the possible range of the social anxiety severity rating. The scale ranges from 0 to 30 scores in that 15 to 25 are in normal range; score below 15 suggest low self-esteem. Behav Res Ther 2002;40:701â15. A secondary outcome measure was the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS; Liebowitz, 1987; Stangier & Heidenreich, 2005), which was completed by the same raters before and after treatment. 2002;16:661-73. Fig 2. Other important inclusion criteria were having a score $60 on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (26), being Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) Primer Social Anxiety Disorder (also known as social phobia), is an anxiety disorder characterized by a significant amount of fear in one or more social situations, causing significant distress and impaired ability to function in some aspects of daily life. Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) The LSAS is a questionnaire first developed by Michael R. Liebowitz for assessing the severity of fear and avoidance in social interactions and performance situations. The factor structure of the liebowitz social anxiety scale for children and ⦠Linear regression analyses, after controlling for age, gender, and family psychiatric history, showed ⦠The clinician-administered Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS 1) is a well-validated (e.g., 2) scale used to assess the dimensional severity of social anxiety disorder symptoms and changes in symptoms of social anxiety disorder over the course of treatment (e.g., 3-8).The LSAS is a 24-item scale that measures fear and avoidance of social situations over the … Liebowitz social anxiety scale. Using data from individuals with social anxiety disorder (n = 435) and nonanxious controls (n = 86), we assessed the psychometric properties of two independently developed short forms of these scales. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scaleâ Self-Report (LSAS-SR; Liebowitz, 1987) assesses two com-ponents of social anxiety, namely avoidance and anxiety. Psychiatry Associates, P.C. Introduction and Overview. Its purpose is to assess the range of social interaction and performance situations feared by a patient in order to assist in the diagnosis of social anxiety disorder. 2002; 16: 661-673View in ⦠Social Anxiety Disorder : ... Sijbrandij & Cuijpers, 2013). Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale Calculator. used a score of 60 as indicative of generalized social anxiety disorder (GSAD) and of 30 as non-GSAD (NSAD), a previous Brazilian study found ⦠maximum score of 75. The Liebowitz social anxiety scale is valid, reliable and a treatment sensitive measure for social Results showed a positive association between social anxiety and excessive smartphone use. It should be noted that although Mennin et al. Given that the cohorts were matched for age, the earlier age at onset of social anxiety disorder translates into a sig-nificantly longer duration of illness 2002;16(6):661â73. The Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and Social Phobia Scale are widely used measures of social anxiety. (2004). We used the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) 20 to evaluate social anxiety symptoms. Researcher developed social anxiety scale is an instrument used to measure the level of social anxiety a ⦠Social anxiety: In current study social anxiety is operationalized as participants score on Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (2002). Screening for social anxiety disorder with the self‐report version of the liebowitz social anxiety scale. The current range of pharmacological medications are limited by adverse side effects. Fig. The scale range of fear/ anxiety was from 0 to 3 (0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moder- Background: The aim of this study was to determine the rates of early- and late-onset social anxiety disorder (SAD) and to investigate the effects of onset time on clinical characteristics and the course of SAD. Significantly, they stayed this way when measured again six months later. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) is a 24-item, self-rated scale used to assess how social phobia plays a part in peopleâs life across a variety of situations by the degree people feel anxious and fearful [8]. The aims of this study were: 1) to investigate whether a visual analogue scale (VAS) could be linear with the LSAS and substitute for the LSAS, 2) to relate such a VAS instrument to patient demographics.
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